August 9: World Tribal Day

 


Every year United Nations and other world organizations celebrate World Tribal Day or International Day of the World Indigenous People. The day promotes and protects rights of world indigenous population. The day marks first meet of the United Nations Working Group on Indigenous Populations in Geneva, 1982.

This year the day is being observed under the following theme.


The first World Tribal Day was celebrated in 1994. In India there are several indigenous tribes. Some have even sprouted out to be rebels demanding own land.

Major Tribes in India



The Constitution of India recognizes tribal communities in the country under Schedule 5. They are called the Scheduled Tribes. According to Census 2011, the total Scheduled Tribes population in India is 10.43 crores. It accounts to 8.6% of total population in the country.

Article 342 says that the President after consultation with the Governor of the state shall specify tribes or tribal communities or groups within tribal communities as Scheduled Tribes of that state.

Santhal Rebellion





The Santhal Rebellion also known as Santhal Hool are the native rebellion in the eastern India. The rebellion was led by four Murmu brothers namely Kanhu, Sidhu, Bhairav and Chand. The uprising aimed to end British revenue system and Zamindari system in the country

Bodo Movement



The Bodo Movement demands for independent state of Bodoland in the north eastern region. Bodo Accord was signed in 1993. After the Bodo Accord, Bodoland Autonomous Council was created.

Other Tribal movements in India



The other tribal movements in India are as follows

  • The uprising of Mahadev Koli tribes in Maharashtra in the 18th century
  • The Kurichya Rebellion organised by the people of Kurichyas in 1812
  • The Bhil revolution in 1857-58
  • The Koya tribal community in Andhra against landlords called “Muttade”
  • The Bastar Revolution in 1910
  • Kulki Uprising in Manipur
  • Gond and Kolam revolution in collaboration against the British in 1941

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